Antibody Peace Sign Sticker | Gift for Biologists, Biochemists, or Immunologists

An antibody, also known as an immunoglobulin, is a type of protein that is produced by the immune system in response to the presence of a foreign substance, called an antigen. Antibodies are specific to a certain antigen and are able to bind to it, marking it for destruction by other immune cells. Antibodies play a crucial role in the immune response, helping to protect the body from harmful pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, as well as from cancer cells and other harmful substances.

There are five classes of antibodies, each with a unique structure and function. The most common class is IgG, which is present in blood and bodily fluids and can neutralize pathogens by several mechanisms. IgA is present in secretions such as saliva and breast milk and protects mucosal surfaces. IgM is the first antibody produced in response to an infection and can activate the complement system. IgE is involved in allergic reactions and IgD is mostly found on the surface of B-cells

Antibodies can also be produced artificially in the laboratory, known as monoclonal antibodies, which are used in a wide range of medical treatments, such as cancer therapy and autoimmune disease treatment. They can also be used in diagnostic tests, such as ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay) to detect the presence of specific antigens in a sample.

Overall, antibodies play a crucial role in the immune system by recognizing and neutralizing foreign substances in the body, and have many medical applications in therapy and diagnosis.